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Publications from the Virtual Math Teams Project

(169 publications from 2003-2010)

 

‚akir, M. P. (2009). How online small groups co-construct mathematical artifacts to do collaborative problem solving. Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University. Philadelphia, PA, USA.

‚akir, M. P. (2009). The organization of graphical, narrative and symbolic interactions. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 7, pp. 99-140). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/7.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_7

‚akir, M. P., Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2006). Shared deictic referencing in online mathematics discourse. Paper presented at the 27th Urban Ethnography in Education Research Forum 2006. Philadelphia, PA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ethned2006.pdf

‚akir, M. P., & Stahl, G. (2007). Virtual math teams: Designing software support for collaborative math problem solving online. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Turkish American Scientists and Scholars Association (TASSA 2007). New Haven, CT. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/tassa2007.pdf

‚akir, M. P., & Stahl, G. (2008). Collaborative information behavior of virtual math teams in a multimodal online environment. Paper presented at the 2008 Research Symposium of the Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T). Columbus, OH. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/asist2008b.doc

‚akõr, M. P., Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2010). Interactional achievement of shared mathematical understanding in virtual math teams. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2010). Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2010cakir.pdf

‚akir, M. P., Xhafa, F., & Zhou, N. (2009). Thread-based analysis of patterns in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 20, pp. 359-371). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/20.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_20

‚akir, M. P., Xhafa, F., Zhou, N., & Stahl, G. (2005). Thread-based analysis of patterns of collaborative interaction in chat. In C. Looi, McCalla, G., Bredeweg, B., and Breuker, J. (Ed.), Artificial intelligence in education. (Vol. 125, pp. 120-127). Amsterdam, NL: IOS Press. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/aied2005.pdf

‚akir, M. P., & Zemel, A. (2009). Extending an explanation: Achievement of locally adequate symmetry of situated expertise NCA.

‚akir, M. P., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2007). The organization of collaborative math problem solving activities across dual interaction spaces. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/murat.pdf

‚akir, M. P., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2009). Interaction analysis of dual-interaction CSCL environments. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009). Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009cakir.pdf

‚akõr, M. P., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2009). The joint organization of interaction within a multimodal CSCL medium. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 4(2), 115-149. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ijCSCL_4_2_1.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-009-9061-0

Charles, E., & Shumar, W. (2007). Creativity, collaboration and competence: Agency in online synchronous chat environment. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/liz.pdf

Charles, E. S., & Shumar, W. (2009). Student and team agency in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 11, pp. 207-224). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/11.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_11

Cui, Y., Kumar, R., Chaudhuri, S., Gweon, G., & RosŽ, C. P. (2009). Helping agents in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 19, pp. 335-354). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/19.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_19

Epperson, T. W. (2009). Critical ethnography in the VMT project. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 27, pp. 529-553). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/27.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_27

Fuks, H., & Pimentel, M. (2009). Studying response-structure confusion in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 21, pp. 373-397). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/21.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_21

Koschmann, T., & Stahl, G. (2009). Symposium: Examining practices of computer-mediated learning. Presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009), Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009koschmann.pdf

Koschmann, T., Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2004). The video analyst's manifesto (or the implications of Garfinkel's policies for the development of a program of video analytic research within the learning sciences). Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2004). Los Angeles, CA. Proceedings pp. 278-285. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/manifesto2004.pdf

Koschmann, T., Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2007). The video analyst's manifesto (or the implications of Garfinkel's policies for the development of a program of video analytic research within the learning sciences). In R. Goldman, R. Pea, B. Barron & S. Derry (Eds.), Video research in the learning sciences. (pp. 133-144). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/publications/journals/manifesto.pdf

Koschmann, T., Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2009). Examining understanding in computer-mediated learning environments. Paper presented at the Fifth International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (QI2009). University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, May 20-23, 2009. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009koschmann.pdf

Koschmann, T., Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2009). Òyou can divide the thing into two partsÓ: Analyzing referential, mathematical and technological practice in the VMT environment. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009). Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009tim.pdf

Litz, I. R. (2007). Student adoption of a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) mathematical problem solving environment: The case of the math forumÕs virtual math teams (VMT) chat service. Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., School of Computer and Information Sciences, Nova Southeastern University. Florida.

Medina, R., Suthers, D. D., & Vatrapu, R. (2009). Representational practices in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 10, pp. 185-205). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/10.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_10

MŸhlpfordt, M. (2008). Integration dualer interaktionsrŠume: Die verknuepfung von textbasierter synchroner kommunikation mit diskreten konstruktionswerkzeugen. (the integration of dual-interaction spaces: The connection of text-based synchronous communication with graphical construction tools [in German]). Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., Fakultaet fuer Mathematik und Informatik, Fern Universitaet. Hagen, Germany.

MŸhlpfordt, M., & Stahl, G. (2007). The integration of synchronous communication across dual interaction spaces. In C. Chinn, G. Erkens & S. Puntambekar (Eds.), The proceedings of CSCL 2007: Of mice, minds, and society (CSCL 2007). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/martin.pdf

MŸhlpfordt, M., & Wessner, M. (2009). The integration of dual-interaction spaces. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 15, pp. 281-293). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/15.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_15

Powell, A. B., & Lai, F. F. (2009). Inscriptions, mathematical ideas and reasoning in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 13, pp. 237-259). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/13.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_13

Sarmiento, J. (2007). Bridging: Interactional mechanisms used by online groups to sustain knowledge building over time. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/johann.pdf

Sarmiento, J., & ‚akir, M. P. (2005). Virtual math teams: Design research for effective collaborative learning of mathematics [poster]. Paper presented at the First i-Conference 2005. State College, PA.

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2006). Sustaining and bridging sense-making and collaborative learning across multiple interaction spaces. Paper presented at the ASIS&T Annual Meeting (ASIS&T 2006). Austin, TX. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/asist2006.pdf

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2007). Bridging and  persistence in sustained, collaborative problem solving online. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2007). Hawaii, HI. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/hicss07

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2007). Group creativity in virtual math teams: Interactional mechanisms for referencing, remembering and bridging. Paper presented at the Creativity and Cognition Conference. Baltimore, MD. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/johann2.pdf

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2008). Extending the joint problem space: Time and sequence as essential features of knowledge building. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2008). Utrecht, Netherlands. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2008johann.pdf

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2008). Group creativity in inter-action: Referencing, remembering and bridging. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (IJHCI). 492–504. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ijhci2007.pdf

Sarmiento, J., & Stahl, G. (2008). Information practices to sustain knowledge building: The case of the virtual math teams online community. Paper presented at the I-School Conference 2008. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/iConference08.pdf

Sarmiento, J., Stahl, G., & Weimar, S. (2006). Assessing mathematical thinking from online, collaborative problem-solving. Paper presented at the Conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM 2006). St. Louis, MO. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nctm2006.pdf

Sarmiento, J., Trausan-Matu, S., & Stahl, G. (2005). Co-constructed narratives in online, collaborative mathematics problem solving. Paper presented at the international conference on AI in Education (AI-Ed 2005). Amsterdam, Netherlands. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/aiedwkshp.pdf

Sarmiento, J., Trausan-Matu, S., & Stahl, G. (2005). Dialogical perspectives on narratives in collaborative mathematics problem-solving. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Organizational Learning and Knowledge Work Management (OL-KWM 2005). Bucharest, Romania. Proceedings pp. 88-99. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/romania.pdf

Sarmiento, J. W., & Shumar, W. (2008). Boundaries and roles: Positioning and social location in the virtual math teams (VMT) online community. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/sarmiento_shumar_2008.doc

Sarmiento-Klapper, J. W. (2009). Bridging mechanisms in team-based online problem solving: Continuity in building collaborative knowledge. Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University. Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Sarmiento-Klapper, J. W. (2009). Group creativity in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 12, pp. 225-235). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/12.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_12

Sarmiento-Klapper, J. W. (2009). The sequential co-construction of the joint problem space. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 6, pp. 83-98). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/6.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_6

Sarmiento-Klapper, J. W., & Stahl, G. (2008). Poster: Collective information practices to sustain knowledge work over time. Presented at the 2008 Research Symposium of the Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), Columbus, OH. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/asist2008a.pdf

Schwarz , B., Hershkowitz, R., Atzmon, S., Rasmussen, C., Stahl, G., Wawro, M., et al. (2010). Symposium: Social construction of mathematical meaning through collaboration and argumentation. Presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2010), Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2010symposium.pdf

Stahl, G. (2003). Keynote: The future of computer support for learning: An american/German delfic vision. Paper presented at the First Conference on e-Learning of the German Computer Science Society (DeLFI 2003). Munich, Germany. Proceedings pp. 13-16. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/publications/presentations/delfi

Stahl, G. (2003). Mediation of group cognition. ACM SigGroup Bulletin. 24(3), 4-18. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/mediation.pdf Doi: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1052829.1052834

Stahl, G. (2003). Poster: VMT: The virtual math teams project. Presented at the NSF NSDL Annual Project Meeting, Washington, DC. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/VMT_poster.pdf

Stahl, G. (2004). Thinking at the group unit of analysis. Paper presented at the CSCL SIG Symposium of the European Union Kaleidoscope Network of Excellence (KAL '04). Lausanne, Switzerland. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/kal2004.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/kal2004ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2005). Group cognition in chat: Methods of interaction / methodologies of analysis. Paper presented at the Kaleidoscope CSCL SIG Workshop on Analysis of Interaction and Learning (NAIL 2005). Gothenburg, Sweden. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nail2005.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nail2005ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2005). Group cognition in computer assisted learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/publications/journals/JCAL.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2005.00115.x

Stahl, G. (2005). Group cognition in online collaborative mathematics problem solving. Paper presented at the 11th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI 2005). Nicosia, Cyprus. Proceedings pp. 291. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/earli2005.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/earli2005ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2005). Group cognition: The collaborative locus of agency in CSCL. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL '05). Taipei, Taiwan. Proceedings pp. 632-640: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2005.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2005ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2005). Keynote: Groups, group cognition & groupware. Paper presented at the Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use, 11th International Workshop, CRIWG 2005, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. Racife, Brazil. Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/criwg2005.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/criwg2005ppt.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11560296_1

Stahl, G. (2005). Reflections on supporting and studying collaborative team formation in post-cardiac surgery care. Philadelphia, PA: College of Information Science & Technology, Drexel University. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/collabcare.pdf

Stahl, G. (2005). Sustaining online collaborative problem solving with math proposals [winner of best paper award]. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers and Education (ICCE 2005). Singapore, Singapore. Proceedings pp. 436-443. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce2005.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce2005ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Analyzing and designing the group cognitive experience. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems (IJCIS). 15, 157-178. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ijcis.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218843006001323

Stahl, G. (2006). Building knowledge in the classroom, building knowledge in the CSCL community. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 1(2), 163-165. Web: http://ijcscl.org/?go=contents&volume=1&issue=2 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-006-9013-x

Stahl, G. (2006). Focusing on participation in group meaning making. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 1(3), 311-313. Web: http://ijcscl.org/?go=contents&volume=1&issue=3 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-006-9960-2

Stahl, G. (2006). The generalization of knowledge by a virtual team. Paper presented at the symposium on Leveraging Human Generalization Abilities for Optimal Learning. Boulder, CO. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/generalization.htm

Stahl, G. (2006). Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 510 + viii pages. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/mit/

Stahl, G. (2006). Interview about chat. Newsletter of the Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education (APSCE ). 1(2), 4-5. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/rptel_interview.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Meaning making in small groups. Paper presented at the Interactive Symposium on "Engaged learning in online communities: Forging a research agenda" at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA 2006). San Francisco, CA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/aera2006.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Preface: Engaging with engaged learning. In D. Hung & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Engaged learning with emerging technologies. (pp. i-v). Boston: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/publications/journals/Engagement.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Scripting group cognition: The problem of guiding situated collaboration. In F. Fischer, H. Mandl, J. Haake & I. Kollar (Eds.), Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning: Cognitive, computational and educational perspectives. (pp. 327-335). Dodrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer-Springer Verlag. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/scripting.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Supporting group cognition in an online math community: A cognitive tool for small-group referencing in text chat. Journal of Educational Computing Research (JECR) special issue on Cognitive tools for collaborative communities. 35(2), 103-122. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/jecr.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Sustaining group cognition in a math chat environment. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning (RPTEL). 1(2), 85-113. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/rptel.pdf

Stahl, G. (2006). Virtual math teams project: An overview of VMT. Web: http://www.mathforum.org/vmt/TheVMTProject.pdf

Stahl, G. (2007). Meaning making in CSCL: Conditions and preconditions for cognitive processes by groups. international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl07.pdf

Stahl, G. (2007). The role of a wiki in supporting group cognition. Paper presented at the Open Learning Initiative. Pittsburgh, PA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/oli2007.pdf

Stahl, G. (2007). Workshop: Chat analysis in virtual math teams. Presented at the International Conference of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2007), New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://vmt.mathforum.org/vmtwiki/index.php/Chat_Analysis_Workshop

Stahl, G. (2008). Book review: Exploring thinking as communicating in CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 3(3), 361-368. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/Sfardreview.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-008-9046-4

Stahl, G. (2008). Chat on collaborative knowledge building. QWERTY. 3(1), 67-78. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/qwerty08.pdf

Stahl, G. (2008). Human-human interaction and group learning. Paper presented at the Human-Computer Interaction Consortium. Frasier, CO. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/hcic2008.pdf

Stahl, G. (2008). Integrating a wiki into support for group cognition. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2008). Utrecht, Netherlands. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2008wiki.pdf

Stahl, G. (2008). Integrating synchronous and asynchronous support for group cognition in online collaborative learning. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2008). Utrecht, Netherlands. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2008.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). A chat about chat. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 1, pp. 7-16). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/1.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_1

Stahl, G. (2009). Collaborative information practices in virtual math teams. Paper presented at the Conference for Groupware (GROUP 2009). Sanibel Island, FL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/group2009wkshp.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). Collaborative learning through practices of group cognition. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009). Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009stahl.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). Deictic referencing in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 17, pp. 311-326). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/17.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_17

Stahl, G. (2009). Designing a mix of synchronous and asynchronous media for VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 16, pp. 295-310). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/16.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_16

Stahl, G. (2009). For a science of group interaction. Paper presented at the Conference for Groupware (GROUP 2009). Sanibel Island, FL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/group2009.pdf http://GerryStahl.net/pub/group2009ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). From individual representations to group cognition. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 5, pp. 57-73). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/5.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_5

Stahl, G. (2009). Interactional methods and social practices in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 4, pp. 41-55). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/4.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_4

Stahl, G. (2009). Invited talk: Group cognition: Research toward a scientific foundation for computer-supported collaborative learning. Presented at the School of Education, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/edschool2009ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). Invited talk: Understanding computer-supported group cognition: Steps toward a science of virtual groups. Presented at the Dept of Computer Science, Temple University. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/group2009.pdf, http://GerryStahl.net/pub/temple2009ppt.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). Keynote: How I view learning and thinking in CSCL groups. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers and Education (ICCE 2009). Hong Kong, China. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce2009keynote.pdf

Stahl, G. (2009). Mathematical discourse as group cognition. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 3, pp. 31-40). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/3.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_3

Stahl, G. (2009). Meaning making in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 26, pp. 505-527). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/26.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_26

Stahl, G. (2009). Scripting group processes in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 18, pp. 327-334). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/18.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_18

Stahl, G. (2009). Studying virtual math teams. New York, NY: Springer. 626 +xxi pages. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3

Stahl, G. (2009). Toward a science of group cognition. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 28, pp. 555-579). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/28.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_28

Stahl, G. (2009). The VMT vision. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 2, pp. 17-29). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/2.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_2

Stahl, G. (2010). Computer mediation of collaborative mathematical exploration. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2010). Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2010stahl.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). Computer-supported collaborative learning, virtual math teams and group cognition. Paper presented at the Communications Analysis Workshop. Tempe, AZ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cki2010.ppt

Stahl, G. (2010). Group cognition and synchronous chat. In C. Hmelo-Silver, A. O'Donnell, C. Chan & C. Chinn (Eds.), International handbook of collaborative learning. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/clhandbook.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). Group cognition as a foundation for the new science of learning. In M. S. Khine & I. M. Saleh (Eds.), New science of learning: Cognition, computers and collaboration in education. (pp. 23-44). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/scienceoflearning.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). Group-cognition factors in socio-technical systems. Human Factors. Special issue on Coordination and Collaboration in Socio-Technical Systems. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/humanfactors2010.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). Guiding group cognition in CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 5(3), 255-258. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-010-9091-7

Stahl, G. (2010). How I view learning and thinking in CSCL groups. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning (RPTEL). Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/rptel2010.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). How to study group cognition. In S. Puntambekar, G. Erkens & C. Hmelo-Silver (Eds.), Analyzing interactions in CSCL: Methodologies, approaches and issues. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/analyzinginteractions.pdf

Stahl, G. (2010). Proposals for research. Philadelphia, PA: Gerry Stahl at Lulu. 250 pages. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/elibrary/proposals

Stahl, G. (2010). Workshop presentation: A model of group cognition. Presented at the CKI Communications Workshop, Orlando, Florida. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cki2010.pdf

Stahl, G. (2011). How a virtual math team structured its problem solving. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2011). Honk Kong, China. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2011stahl.pdf

Stahl, G. (2011). Social practices of group cognition in virtual math teams. In S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund, I. Rasmussen & R. SŠljš (Eds.), Learning across sites: New tools, infrastructures and practices. (pp. 190-205). New York, NY: Routledge. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cmc.pdf

Stahl, G. (2011). The structure of collaborative problem solving in a virtual math team. Paper presented at the iConference 2011. Seattle, WA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/iconf2011.pdf

Stahl, G. (2011). Theorien des CSCL [theories in CSCL -- in German] (J. Haake & M. Muehlpfordt, Trans.). In J. Haake, G. Schwabe & M. Wessner (Eds.), CSCL-kompendium 2.0. (pp. 13-34). Frankfurt, Germany: Oldenburg. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/theorien.pdf, http://GerryStahl.net/pub/theories.pdf,

Stahl, G. (2011). Theories of cognition in CSCW. Paper presented at the European Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Aarhus, Denmark. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ecscw2011.pdf

Stahl, G., ‚akir, M. P., & Sarmiento, J. (2006). Group cognition in online chat: How virtual math teams construct their cognitive experience. Paper presented at the Human-Computer Interaction Consortium (HCIC 2006). Fraser, CO. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/hcic2006.pdf.

Stahl, G., ‚akir, M. P., Weimar, S., & Weusijana, B. K. (2009). Enhancing mathematical communication for virtual math teams. Paper presented at the Computer Algebra and Dynamic Geometry Systems in Mathematics Education. Castle of Hagenberg, Austria. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cadgme2009.pdf

Stahl, G., ‚akir, M. P., Weimar, S., Weusijana, B. K., & Ou, J. X. (2010). Enhancing mathematical communication for virtual math teams. Acta Didactica Napocensia. 3(2), 101-114. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/adn2010.pdf

Stahl, G., & Chai, S. (2010). Group cognition as a new science of learning:  An interview with Gerry Stahl. China Education Technology [in Chinese]. 2010 (May). Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/chinaed2009.pdf

Stahl, G., & Hesse, F. (2008). The many levels of CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 3(1), 1-4. Web: http://ijcscl.org/?go=contents&volume=3&issue=1 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-007-9036-y

Stahl, G., & Hesse, F. (2009). Paradigms of shared knowledge. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 4(4), 365-369. Web: http://ijcscl.org/?go=contents&volume=4&issue=4 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11412-009-9075-7

Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., & Suthers, D. (2006). Computer-supported collaborative learning: An historical perspective. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. (pp. 409-426). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/elibrary/global

Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., & Suthers, D. (2008). Aprendizagem colaborativa com suporte computacional: Uma perspectiva hist—rica [computer-supported collaborative learning: An historical perspective] (portugese translation by hugo fuks & tatiana escovedo). Boletim Gepem. 52(Dez.). Web: http://GerryStahl.net/cscl/CSCL_Portuguese.pdf

Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., & Suthers, D. (2008). ënvăţarea colaborativă sprijinită de calculator: O perspectivă istorică. [computer-supported collaborative learning: An historical perspective]. (Romanian) (Ş. Trăuşan-Matu, Trans.). In Ş. Trăuşan-Matu (Ed.), Interacţiunea conversaţională ”n sistemele colaborative pe web. [conversational interaction in web-based collaboration systems]. (Romanian). (ch. 1, pp. 1-24). Belgrade, Romania: Editura MatrixRom. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/cscl/CSCL_Romanian.pdf

Stahl, G., Ou, J. X., ‚akir, M. P., Weimar, S., & Goggins, S. (2010). Multi-user support for virtual geogebra teams. Paper presented at the First North American GeoGebra Conference. Ithaca, NY. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/geogebrana2010c.pdf

Stahl, G., Ou, J. X., Weusijana, B. K., ‚akir, M. P., & Weimar, S. (2010). Multi-user geogebra for virtual math teams. GeoGebra: The New Language For The Third Millennium. 1(1), 117-126. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/geogebra_romania.pdf

Stahl, G., & RosŽ, C. P. (2010). Group cognition in online teams. In E. Salas & S. M. Fiore (Eds.), Theories of team cognition: Cross-disciplinary perspectives. Routledge/Taylor & Francis. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/gcot.pdf

Stahl, G., RosŽ, C. P., & Goggins, S. (2010). Analyzing the discourse of geogebra collaborations. Paper presented at the First North American GeoGebra Conference. Ithaca, NY. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/geogebrana2010b.pdf

Stahl, G., RosŽ, C. P., O'Hara, K., & Powell, A. B. (2010). Supporting group math cognition in virtual math teams with software conversational agents. Paper presented at the First North American GeoGebra Conference. Ithaca, NY. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/geogebrana2010a.pdf

Stahl, G., & Sarmiento, J. (2007). Social computing for educational knowledge building. Paper presented at the GROUP 2007. Sanibel Island, FL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/group2007.pdf

Stahl, G., Shumar, W., & Weimar, S. (2004). Poster: Diversity in virtual math teams. Presented at the Sixth International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS '04), Los Angeles, CA. Proceedings pp. 636. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2004poster.pdf

Stahl, G., Toledo, R., & Sarmiento, J. (2007). Using chat analysis to understand engaged learning in the virtual math teams online community. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA 2007). Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/aera07.pdf

Stahl, G., Wee, J. D., & Looi, C.-K. (2007). Using chat, whiteboard and wiki to support knowledge building. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE 07). Hiroshima, Japan. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce07.pdf

Stahl, G., Weimar, S., Fetter, A., & Sarmiento, J. (2005). Virtual math teams: Studying and supporting online collaborative problem-solving. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM 2005). Anaheim, CA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nctm2005ppt.pdf

Stahl, G., Weimar, S., Shumar, W., ‚akir, M. P., Sarmiento, J., Toledo, R., et al. (2005). Four posters: Virtual math teams; quantitative analysis of interaction patterns in chat; conversation analysis of problem-solving methods in chat; designing software to support collaborative math learning. Presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2005), Taipei, Taiwan. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/csclp1.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/csclp2.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/csclp3.pdf & http://GerryStahl.net/pub/csclp4.pdf

Stahl, G., & Zemel, A. (2006). Workshop: Interaction & learning in chat environments: A workshop with data sessions. Presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2006), Bloomington, IN. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2006chat.pdf

Stahl, G., Zemel, A., & Koschmann, T. (2009). Repairing indexicality in virtual math teams. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers and Education (ICCE 2009). Hong Kong, China. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce2009.pdf

Stahl, G., Zemel, A., Sarmiento, J., ‚akir, M. P., Weimar, S., Wessner, M., et al. (2006). Shared referencing of mathematical objects in chat. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2006). Bloomington, IN. Proceedings pp. 716-722. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2006.pdf

Stahl, G., & Zhou, N. (2006). The virtual math teams project: A global math discourse community. Paper presented at the International Conference on Computers and Education (ICCE '06). Beijing, China. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icce2006.pdf

Stahl, G., Zhou, N., Cakir, M. P., & Sarmiento-Klapper, J. W. (2011). Seeing what we mean: Co-experiencing a shared virtual world. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2011). Hong Kong, China. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2011.pdf

Strijbos, J.-W. (2009). A multidimensional coding scheme for VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 22, pp. 399-419). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/22.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_22

Strijbos, J. W., & Stahl, G. (2005). Chat-based problem solving in small groups: Developing a multi-dimensional coding scheme. Paper presented at the Eleventh Biannual Conference of the European Association for Research in Learning and Instruction (EARLI 2005). Nicosia, Cyprus. Proceedings pp. 93. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/earli2005jw.pdf

Strijbos, J. W., & Stahl, G. (2007). Methodological issues in developing a multi-dimensional coding procedure for small group chat communication. Learning & Instruction. Special issue on measurement challenges in collaborative learning research. 17(4), 394-404. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/jw.pdf

Toledo, R. P. S. (2009). Resolving differences of perspective in a VMT session. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 9, pp. 161-178). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/9.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_9

Toledo, R. P. S., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2007). Resolving differences: Twists and turns in a synchronous online collaborative mathematics problem-solving session. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/ramon.pdf

Trausan-Matu, S., & Rebedea, T. (2009). Polyphonic inter-animation of voices in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 24, pp. 451-473). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/24.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_24

Trausan-Matu, S., Rebedea, T., Dragan, A., & Alexandru, C. (2007). Visualisation of learners' contributions in chat conversations. In J. Fong. & P. Wang (Eds.), Blended learning. (pp. 217-226): Pearson-Prentice Hal. Web: http://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~wbl2007WBL2007_Proceedings_HTML/WBL2007_PP217-226_Trausan-Matu.pdf

Trausan-Matu, S., Stahl, G., & Sarmiento, J. (2006). Polyphonic support for  collaborative learning. In Y. A. Dimitriadis (Ed.), Groupware: Design, implementation, and use: Proceedings of the  12th international workshop on groupware, CRIWG 2006, medina del campo, Spain, september 17-21, 2006. LNCS 4154. (pp. 132-139). Berlin: Springer Verlag. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/interanimation.pdf

Trausan-Matu, S., Stahl, G., & Sarmiento, J. (2007). Polyphonic inter-animation of voices in chat. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/stefan.pdf

Trausan-Matu, S., Stahl, G., & Sarmiento, J. (2008). Polyphonic support for  collaborative learning. e-Service Journal. 6(1), 58-74. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/esj.pdf

Wee, J. D. (2007). Construction of mathematical knowledge through the use of collaborative critiques in problem solving. Paper presented at the Redesigning Pedagogy, Culture, Knowledge and Understanding Conference. Singapore.

Wee, J. D. (2007). Mathematical knowledge construction through the use of guided collaborative critique in a quasi-synchronous chat environment. Paper presented at the Association for Active Educational Researchers Conference (AARE 2007). Perth, Australia.

Wee, J. D. (2010). Reinventing mathematics problem design and analysis of chat interactions in quasi-synchronous chat environments. Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., National Institute of Education, Nanyang Techological University. Singapore.

Wee, J. D., & Looi, C.-K. (2007). Model for analysing collaborative knowledge construction in a synchronous chat environment. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/chee-kit.pdf

Wee, J. D., & Looi, C.-K. (2009). A model for analyzing math knowledge building in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 25, pp. 475-497). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/25.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_25

Wessner, M., Shumar, W., Stahl, G., Sarmiento, J., MŸhlpfordt, M., & Weimar, S. (2006). Designing an online service for a math community. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2006). Bloomington, IN. Proceedings pp. 818-824. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2006design.pdf

Weusijana, B. K., Ou, J. X., Stahl, G., & Weimar, S. (2010). Poster: Virtual math teams: An online tool for collaborative learning in the mathematics disciplines. Presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2010), Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2010weusijana.pdf

Zemel, A. (2005). Texts-in-interaction: Collaborative problem-solving in quasi-synchronous computer-mediated communication. Paper presented at the International Conference of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL 05). Taipei, Taiwan.

Zemel, A., & ‚akir, M. P. (2007). Reading's work: The mechanisms of online chat as social interaction. Paper presented at the National Communication Association Convention. Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/alan2.pdf

Zemel, A., & ‚akir, M. P. (2009). ReadingÕs work in VMT. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 14, pp. 261-276). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/14.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_14

Zemel, A., ‚akir, M. P., & Stahl, G. (2009). Understanding and analyzing chat in CSCL as readingÕs work. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009). Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009zemel.pdf

Zemel, A., ‚akir, M. P., Stahl, G., & Zhou, N. (2009). Learning as a practical achievement: An interactional perspective. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL 2009). Rhodes, Greece. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/cscl2009zhou.pdf

Zemel, A., Shumar, W., & ‚akir, M. P. (2007). The disembodied act: Copresence and indexical symmetry in computer-mediated communication. Paper presented at the The proceedings of CSCL 2007: Of mice, minds, and society. New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/alan.pdf

Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2010). Coordinating collaborative action in online math problem-solving. Paper presented at the National Communication AssociationÕs 96th Annual Convention (NCA 2010). San Francisco, CA. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nca2010.pdf

Zemel, A., Xhafa, F., & ‚akir, M. P. (2005). What's in the mix? Combining coding and conversation analysis to investigate chat-based problem-solving. Paper presented at the 11th Biennial Conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI 2005). Nicosia, Cyprus.

Zemel, A., Xhafa, F., & ‚akir, M. P. (2007). What's in the mix? Combining coding and conversation analysis to investigate chat-based problem solving. Learning & Instruction. 17(4), 405-415. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/fatos.pdf

Zemel, A., Xhafa, F., & ‚akir, M. P. (2009). Combining coding and conversation analysis of VMT chats. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 23, pp. 421-450). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/23.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_23

Zemel, A., Xhafa, F., & Stahl, G. (2005). Analyzing the organization of collaborative math problem-solving in online chats using statistics and conversation analysis. Paper presented at the Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use: 11th International Workshop, CRIWG 2005. Porto de Galinhas, Brazil. Proceedings pp. 271-283: Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/criwg2005zemel.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11560296

Zemel, A., Zhou, N., & Stahl, G. (2009). Collaboration and chat: Recipiency in online math problem solving. Paper presented at the National Communication AssociationÕs 95th Annual Convention (NCA 2009). Chicago, IL. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/nca2009.pdf

Zhou, N. (2009). Question co-construction in VMT chats. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Studying virtual math teams. (ch. 8, pp. 141-159). New York, NY: Springer. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmt/book/8.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0228-3_8

Zhou, N. (2010). Troubles of understanding in virtual math teams. Unpublished Dissertation, Ph.D., College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University. Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Zhou, N., & Stahl, G. (2006). Information behavior of small groups. Paper presented at the Connections 2006 (The Great Lakes Information Studies Conference). Syracuse, NY. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/connections2006.pdf

Zhou, N., & Stahl, G. (2007). Information behavior of small groups: Implications for design of digital libraries. Paper presented at the Joint Conference of Digital Libraries (JCDL '07). Vancouver, Canada. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/jcdl2007.pdf

Zhou, N., & Stahl, G. (2007). Towards building a math discourse community: Investigating collaborative information behavior. Paper presented at the HCI International 2007. Beijing, China. Proceedings pp. 509-518: Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/hcii2007.pdf Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73257-0

Zhou, N., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2007). Information as a social achievement: Collaborative information behavior in CSCL. Paper presented at the international conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL '07). New Brunswick, NJ. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/vmtwiki/nan.pdf

Zhou, N., Zemel, A., & Stahl, G. (2008). Questioning and responding in online small groups engaged in collaborative math problem solving. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2008). Utrecht, Netherlands. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/icls2008nan.pdf